Is there a difference in the understanding of illustrations and design objects

between naive and skilled people?

They are the neuroscientist Giuseppe Di Cesare from the research group form Parma in Italy on mirror neurons and vitality forms and philosopher and image scientist Martina Sauer form the Institute for Image and Cultural Philosophy from Germany and her research on vitality semiotics (VS) and her former student, the B.A. candidate in design, Charlotte Engelke, form the Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, AMD, Hamburg, who in their joint research project in Parma (and Hamburg) are specifically investigating on a neuroscientific basis how laypeople - in contrast to design students - are stimulated through design. Is there any difference?

For previous joint research activities, see: Giada Lombardi, Martina Sauer, and Giuseppe Di Cesare. How "Vitality Forms" Influence Our Mood. In: Martina Sauer and Zhuofei Wang (eds.). Atmosphere and Mood. Two Sides of the Same Phenomenon, special issue Art Style 11, 3, 2023: 127-139, and see also for the first research project in June 2022 at Fresenius University of Applied Sciences, AMD Hamburg with design students and the vice research dean Petra Leutner. The research results were most recently presented in a keynote speech by Giuseppe and Martina at the international conference of the German Society for Semiotics at the TU Landau in September 2024.